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Bitcoin () is a cryptocurrency, a type of electronic cash. It's a decentralized electronic currency without a central bank or single administrator that can be sent from user-to-user on the peer-to-peer bitcoin network without the need for intermediaries.7

Transactions are confirmed by network nodes via cryptography and listed in a public dispersed ledger known as a blockchain. Bitcoin was invented by an unknown person or group of people using the name Satoshi Nakamoto9 and released as open-source applications in 2009.10 Bitcoins are created as a reward for a procedure known as mining.

Research generated by the University of Cambridge estimates that in 2017, there were 2.9 to 5.8 million unique users using a cryptocurrency wallet, most of them using bitcoin.12.

Bitcoin has been criticized because of its use in illegal transactions, its high power consumption, price volatility, thefts from exchanges, and the possibility that bitcoin is an economic bubble.13 Bitcoin has also been used as an investment, although many regulatory agencies have issued investor alerts about bitcoin.14

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The domain name"bitcoin.org" was registered on 18 August 2008.15 On 31 October 2008, a link to a paper authored by Satoshi Nakamoto titled Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System5 was posted to some cryptography mailing list.16 Nakamoto implemented the bitcoin software as open-source code and published it in January 2009.171810 Nakamoto's identity remains unknown.9.

In January 2009, the bitcoin network was made when Nakamoto mined the first block of this chain, known as the genesis block.1920 Embedded in the coinbase of this block was the following text:"The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks. "10 This note has been interpreted as either a timestamp and a comment on the instability brought on by fractional-reserve banking.21:18.

The receiver of the initial bitcoin transaction was cypherpunk Hal Finney, that made the first reusable proof-of-work platform (RPOW) in 2004.22 Finney downloaded the bitcoin applications on its launch date, and on 12 January 2009 received ten bitcoins from Nakamoto.2324 Other early cypherpunk supporters were creators of bitcoin predecessors: Wei Dai, founder of b-money, and Nick Szabo, founder of bit golden.25 In 2010, the earliest known commercial transaction using bitcoin happened when programmer Laszlo Hanyecz bought two Papa John's pizzas for 10,000 bitcoin.26.

Nakamoto is estimated to have mined one million bitcoins27 before disappearing in 2010, when he handed the network alert crucial and control of this code over Gavin Andresen. Andresen he has a good point afterwards became lead developer at the Bitcoin Foundation.2829 Andresen then sought to decentralize control. This abandoned opportunity for controversy to develop over the future development path of bitcoin.3029.

After early"proof-of-concept" transactions, the first major users of bitcoin were black markets, for example Silk Road. During its 30 months of existence, beginning in February 2011, Silk Road exclusively accepted bitcoins as payment, transacting 9.9 million in bitcoins, value roughly $214 million.31:222

In 2011, the price started at $0.30 each bitcoin, growing to $5.27 for year. The cost rose to $31.50 on 8 June. Within a month that the cost fell to $11.00. The next month it dropped to $7.80, and in another month to $4.77.32

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Litecoin, an early bitcoin spin-off or altcoin, appeared in October 2011.33 Many altcoins have been made since then.34

In 2012, bitcoin prices started at $5.27 growing to $13.30 for the calendar year.32 By 9 January the price had risen to $7.38, but then crashed by 49 percent to $3.80 within the next 16 days. The cost then climbed to $16.41 on 17 August, but dropped by 57 percent to $7.10 over the next 3 days.35.

In March 2013 the blockchain temporarily split into two independent chains with different rules. The 2 blockchains operated simultaneously for half an hour, each using its own version of the transaction history. Normal operation was restored when the vast majority of the network downgraded to version 0.7 of the bitcoin software.37 The Mt.

Gox experienced processing delays because of insufficient capacity44 resulting in the bitcoin cost dropping from $266 to $76 before returning to $160 within six hours.45 The bitcoin price rose to $259 on 10 April, but then dropped by 83 percent to $45 within the next 3 times.35 On 15 May 2013, US government captured accounts connected with Mt.

881.48 This marked the first time a government agency had captured bitcoin.4950 The FBI seized about 26,000 bitcoins in October 2013 from the dark web website Silk Road during the arrest he has a good point of Ross William Ulbricht.515253 Bitcoin's price rose to $755 on 19 November and crashed by 50 percent to $378 exactly the exact same moment.

In 2014, prices began at $770 and dropped to $314 for the year.32 In February 2014 that the Mt. Gox exchange, the most significant bitcoin exchange in the moment, said that 850,000 bitcoins had been stolen from its customers, amounting to almost $500 million. Bitcoin's cost fell by almost half, from $867 to $439 (a 49% drop).

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